OLL 226. APPLIED LINGUISTICS.
INTRODUCTION.
For the journal, see Applied Linguistics (journal).
Applied linguistics is an interdisciplinary field of study
that identifies, investigates, and offers solutions to language-related
real-life problems. Some of the academic fields related to applied
linguistics are education, linguistics, psychology, computer science, communication research, anthropology, and sociology.| Linguistics |
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Contents
Domain
Applied linguistics is an interdisciplinary field. Major branches of applied linguistics include bilingualism and multilingualism, computer-mediated communication (CMC), conversation analysis, contrastive linguistics, sign linguistics, language assessment, literacies, discourse analysis, language pedagogy, second language acquisition, lexicography, language planning and policy, interlinguistics, stylistics, pragmatics, forensic linguistics and translation. Major journals of the field include Annual Review of Applied Linguistics, Applied Linguistics, International Review of Applied Linguistics, International Journal of Applied Linguistics, Issues in Applied Linguistics, and Language Learning.History
The tradition of applied linguistics established itself in part as a response to the narrowing of focus in linguistics with the advent in the late 1950s of generative linguistics, and has always maintained a socially accountable role, demonstrated by its central interest in language problems.[1]Although the field of applied linguistics started from Europe and the United States, the field rapidly flourished in the international context.
Applied linguistics first concerned itself with principles and practices on the basis of linguistics. In the early days, applied linguistics was thought as “linguistics-applied” at least from the outside of the field. In the 1960s, however, applied linguistics was expanded to include language assessment, language policy, and second language acquisition. As early as the 1970s, applied linguistics became a problem-driven field rather than theoretical linguistics. Applied linguistics also included solution of language-related problems in the real world. By the 1990s, applied linguistics has broadened including critical studies and multilingualism. Research of applied linguistics was shifted to "the theoretical and empirical investigation of real world problems in which language is a central issue."[2]
United States
In the United States, applied linguistics also began narrowly as the application of insights from structural linguistics—first to the teaching of English in schools and subsequently to second and foreign language teaching. The linguistics applied approach to language teaching was promulgated most strenuously by Leonard Bloomfield, who developed the foundation for the Army Specialized Training Program, and by Charles C. Fries, who established the English Language Institute (ELI) at the University of Michigan in 1941. In 1948, the Research Club at Michigan established Language Learning: A Journal of Applied Linguistics, the first journal to bear the term applied linguistics. In the late 1960s, applied linguistics began to establish its own identity as an interdisciplinary field concerned with real-world language issues. The new identity was solidified by the creation of the American Association for Applied Linguistics in 1977.[3]
United Kingdom
The British Association for Applied Linguistics (BAAL) was established in 1967. Its mission is "the advancement of education by fostering and promoting, by any lawful charitable means, the study of language use, language acquisition and language teaching and the fostering of interdisciplinary collaboration in this study [...]"[4]
Australia
Australian applied linguistics took as its target the applied linguistics of mother tongue teaching and teaching English to immigrants. The Australia tradition shows a strong influence of continental Europe and of the USA, rather than of Britain.[5] Applied Linguistics Association of Australia (ALAA) was established at a national congress of applied linguists held in August 1976.[6]
Japan
In 1982, the Japan Association of Applied Linguistics (JAAL) was established in the Japan Association of College English Teachers (JACET) in order to engage in activities on a more international scale. In 1984, JAAL became an affiliate of the International Association of Applied Linguistics (AILA).[1]
Societies
America- American Association for Applied Linguistics (http://www.aaal.org/)
- Asociación Mexicana de Lingüística Aplicada (http://www.cele.unam.mx/amla/)
- Asociación de Lingüística y Filología de América Latina/Associação de Lingüística e Filologia da América Latina (http://www.mundoalfal.org/)
- Associação de Linguística Aplicada do Brasil (http://www.alab.org.br/)
- Center for Applied Linguistics (http://www.cal.org/)
- Canadian Association of Applied Linguistics (http://www.aclacaal.org/)
- Association Belge de Linguistique Appliquée (http://www.abla.be/)
- Asociación Española de Lingüística Aplicada (http://www.aesla.uji.es/)
- Association Finlandaise de Linguistique Appliquée (http://www.cc.jyu.fi/~kmantyla/afinla/!index.html)
- Association Française de Linguistique Appliquée (http://www.afla-asso.org/)
- Associazione Italiana di Linguistica Applicata (http://www.aitla.it/)
- Association Néerlandaise de Linguistique Appliquée (http://www.aila.info/about/org/ic.htm#SG)
- Association Norvegienne de Linguistique Appliquée (http://www.hf.ntnu.no/anla/)
- Association Suédoise de Linguistique Appliquée (http://www.asla.se/)
- Association Suisse de Linguistique Appliquée (http://www.vals-asla.ch/cms/)
- British Association for Applied Linguistics (http://www.baal.org.uk/)
- Estonian Association of Applied Linguistics (http://www.eki.ee/rakenduslingvistika/)
- Gesellschaft für Angewandte Linguistik (http://www.gal-ev.de/)
- Greek Applied Linguistics Association (http://www.enl.auth.gr/gala/)
- Irish Association for Applied Linguistics (http://www.iraal.ie/)
- Polish Association of Applied Linguistics
- Applied Linguistics Association of New Zealand (http://www.victoria.ac.nz/lals/about/alanz/alanz.html)
- Applied Linguistics Association of Australia (http://www.latrobe.edu.au/alaa/)
- Asian Association of TEFL (Asia TEFL) (http://www.asiatefl.org/)
- Applied Linguistics Association of Korea (http://www.alak.or.kr/)
- China English Language Education Association (http://www.celea.org.cn/)
- Hong Kong Association for Applied Linguistics (http://www.haal.hk/)
- Japan Association of College English Teachers (http://www.jacet.org/index.html)
- Japan Association of Language Teachers (http://www.jalt.org/)
- Linguistic Society of the Philippines (http://www.dlsu.edu.ph/inside/organizations/lsp/default.asp)
- Singapore Association for Applied Linguistics (http://www.saal.org.sg/)
- Israel Association of Applied Linguistics (http://www.tau.ac.il/~ilash/)
- Southern African Applied Linguistics Association (http://www.saala.org.za/)
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