INTRODUCTION
This is the first unit of the
second paper of Psychology of Learning. This course deals with the importance
and contribution of educational psychology on the theory and practice of
education. Every teacher is confronted with the problem of individual’s difference
in the classroom. The purpose of this unit is to define the concept of
educational Psychology. It describes meaning and nature of Educational
Psychology. An attempt has also been made to describe the characteristics and
meaning of learning.
MEANING AND DEFINITION OF
EDUCATIONAL
PSYCHOLOGY
Educational Psychology and
consists of two words Psychology and Education. While General Psychology is a
pure science. Educational Psychology is its application in the field of education
with the aim of socializing man and modifying his behavior. According to Crow
and Crow Educational Psychology describes and explains the learning experiences
of an individual from birth through old age.
Skinner defines Educational
Psychology as “that branch of Psychology which deals with teaching and learning”
Stephen – “Educational Psychology
is the systematic study of the educational growth and development of a child.”
Judd – “Educational Psychology is
the Science which explains the changes that take place in the individuals as
they pass through the various stages of development.”
Peel- “Educational Psychology is
the science of Education.”
Educational psychology is one of
the branches of applies psychology concerned with the application of the
principles, techniques and other resource of psychology to the solution of the problems
confronting the teacher attempting to direct the growth of children toward
defined objectives. More specifically, we can say educational psychology is
concerned with an understanding of:
• The child, his development, his
need and his potentialities.
• The learning situation including
group dynamics as the affect learning.
• The learning processes its
nature and the ways to make it effective. Stated differently, the Central theme
of Educational Psychology is Psychology of learning.
PSYCHOLOGY OF LEARNING
This area is concerned with such
problems as: How do children acquire skills? When is learning more effective?
What are the factors that help the learning Process? How do we measure the amount
of learning? Are there any economic methods of memorizing? Why do we forget?
Can memory be improved? Dose the study of Sanskrit helps than study of Hindi?
Psychology helps the teacher to
get answers to these questions. It tells us that learning becomes more
effective if factors like motivation and interest are taken into consideration
by every teacher. The knowledge of psychology has helped the teacher in modifying
her approach to the teaching learning process.
The study of educational
Psychology has brought about change in the approach and therefore we have child
centered education. Psychological principles are used in formulation curriculum
for different stage. Attempts are made to provide subjects and activities in
the curriculum which are in conformity with the needs of the students, their
developmental characteristics, learning patterns and also needs of the society.
INTRODUCTION:
Following are the important characteristics
of the nature of educational psychology:
- It is an applied branch of
fundamental Psychology.
- It combines two fields i.e.
education and psychology.
- It is the scientific study of
human behavior in educational situation.
- It is concerned with these factors,
principles and techniques which relate to the various aspects of child’s growth
and development.
- It is concerned with learning
situation and process by which learning can be more efficient and effective.
- Educational Psychology draws
heavily from various branches of psychology, biology sociology and anthropology.
- Educational Psychology is not
as exact as natural sciences since the human behavior cannot be predicated
exactly, because it is dynamic.
- Educational Psychology is a
science of education dealing primarily with how, when and what of education.
- It is not a normative a science
as it is not concerned with the value of educational and doesn’t concern itself
with and ‘What ought to be.” It only describes what it is; it is an applied
positive science.
- While psychology deals with the
behavior of all individuals in all walks of life. Educational Psychology limits
its dealing with the behavior of the pupil in relation to educational environment.
- It does not concern with what and why of education it gives the
necessary knowledge and skill (Technical Guidance) for giving education
the pupil in a satisfactory way.
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